PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON TOXIC MASCULINE CHARACTER: AJO KAWIR IN “VENGEANCE IS MINE, ALL OTHERS PAY CASH” NOVEL BY EKA KURNIAWAN

This study focused in analyzing Ajo Kawir’s traits of toxic masculinity and its causes. The data were analyzed and observed by using the theory from Traditional Masculine Norms by Hielman et al. (2017) and Human Basic Needs theory as shown in Motivation and Personality by Maslow (2008). The data source of this study was taken from Indonesian into English translation novel entitled Vengeance is Mine, All Others Pay Cash. This study used the observation method by reading the novel repeatedly and the descriptive qualitative method will be applied in analyzing data. Both formal and informal methods were used in presenting the data and showed that there are 17 data showing Ajo Kawir's trait of toxic masculinity which fall into 4 pillars: 1) Self-Sufficiency and Emotional Control 2) Physical Attractiveness 3) Hyper-sexuality 4) Power, Aggression, and Control. Based on Abraham Maslow’s Humans Basic Needs, each pillars of toxic masculinity is caused by certain unfulfilled needs: Self-sufficiency and emotional control are related to the unfulfillment of the esteem need, whereas physical attractiveness are related to the unfulfillment of the esteem need, hyper-sexuality are related to the unfulfillment of esteem need and physiological needs; and power, aggression, and control are related to the unfulfillment of the esteem need, safety need, and belongingness and love needs. This research is expected to increase the wealth of literacy in the world of literature, especially regarding to toxic masculinity and Abraham Maslow’s Humans Basic Needs. In addition, the researcher hopes that the masculine standards that encourage high-valued behaviors like sympathy, kindness, love, respect, and consent will start to be positively transformed when conventional masculine norms are disregarded.