KEABSAHAN PERJANJIAN YANG DIBUAT SECARA ELEKTRONIK MENURUT HUKUM PERDATA DI INDONESIA

Abstrak

Perjanjian dalam hukum perdata Indonesia diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata), khususnya Pasal 1320 yang menentukan syarat sahnya perjanjian. Seiring perkembangan teknologi informasi, perjanjian elektronik semakin banyak digunakan dan menimbulkan permasalahan terkait keabsahan serta kekuatan hukumnya. Rumusan Masalah dari penelitian ini adalah mengenai Bagaimana pengaturan perjanjian elektronik menurut Kitab UndangUndang Hukum Perdata Dan bagaimana Keabsahan perjanjian elektronik menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (the statue approach) dan pendekatan konsep hukum (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian elektronik belum secara khusus diatur dalam Kitab UndangUndang Hukum Perdata tetapi sah sepanjang memenuhi syarat sahnya perjanjian yaitu kesepakatan, kecakapan, objek tertentu, dan sebab yang halal serta menggunakan asas-asas dalam perjanjian. Namun, dalam praktiknya masih terdapat kendala seperti verifikasi identitas, pembuktian, dan rendahnya literasi hukum Masyarakat.

Abstract

Agreements in Indonesian civil law are governed by the Civil Code (Kitab UndangUndang Hukum Perdata),particularly Article 1320, which stipulates the requirements for the validity of an agreement. Along with the rapid development of information technology, electronic agreements have become increasingly prevalent and have given rise to various legal issues concerning their validity and legal enforceability. The research problems addressed in this study are how electronic agreements are regulated under the Civil Code, and how the validity of electronic agreements is determined under the Civil Code. This study employs a normative legal research method, utilizing both the (statutory approach) and the (conceptual approach). The results of the study indicate that electronic agreements are not specifically regulated under the Civil Code. however, they are considered valid as long as they fulfill the essential requirements of a valid agreement, namely consent, legal capacity, a certain object, and a lawful cause, as well as adherence to general principles of contract law. Nevertheless, in practice, several challenges remain, including issues related to identity verification, evidentiary matters, and the relatively low level of public legal literacy.